A Review on Screening of Novel Oxazine Derivatives for Certain Pharmacological Activities

Oxazine derivatives are an important class of heterocycles, which has attracted much synthetic interest due to their wide range of biological activities. Oxazine is a heterocyclic compound can be formally derived from benzene, and its reduction products, by suitable substitution of carbon (and hydrogen) atoms by nitrogen and oxygen. In the last few years, oxazine derivatives have proved to be valuable synthetic intermediates and also possess important biological activities like sedative, analgesic, antipyretic, anticonvulsant, antitubercular, antitumour, antimalarial and antimicrobial. These days, development of drug resistance is a major problem and to overcome this situation, it is necessary to synthesize new classes of compounds. Mathew George 1 , Lincy Joseph 2 , Hithin Raj.Sadanandan 2* 1 Department of Pharmacology, Pushpagiri College of Pharmacy, Thiruvalla-689107, Kerala, India. 2 Department of Pharmaceutical chemistry, Pushpagiri College of Pharmacy, Thiruvalla-689107, Kerala, India. Submission: 31 March 2016 Accepted: 5 April 2016 Published: 25 April 2016 www.ijppr.humanjournals.com Citation: Hithin Raj.Sadanandan et al. Ijppr.Human, 2016; Vol. 6 (1): 1-6. 2 INTRODUCTION Many heterocyclic analogous of chalcones have been synthesized and subsequently demonstrated to possess biological and pharmacological activities, which may possibly result in chemotherapeutic agents. Because of great potentiality, the heterocyclic analogous of chalcones are most helpful synthons. In the view of the varied biological and pharmacological application, we synthesized some heterocyclic derivatives of chalcones. Chalcones found to possess various activities like antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, anticancer, antimalarial, antiviral, antileishmanial, antioxidant, antitubercular, antiulcer, antihyperglycemic. In recent years, attention has increasingly been given to the synthesis of oxazine derivatives as a source of new antimicrobials. The synthesis of novel oxazine derivatives remains the main focus of medicinal research. Oxazine derivatives have been reported to possess antifungal, antibacterial, cytotoxic, antiviral and analgesic activity. Oxazine derivatives have played a crucial role in the theoretical development of heterocyclic chemistry and are also used extensively in organic synthesis. Due to the rapid development of bacterial resistant to antibacterial agents, it is vital to discover novel scaffold for the design and synthesis of new antibacterial agents to help in the battle against pathogenic microorganisms. Much research has been carried out with the aim to discover the therapeutic value of chalcones. 3 Oxazines are heterocyclic compounds containing one oxygen and one nitrogen. Many isomers exist depending on the relative position of the heteroatoms and relative position of the double bonds. 1,3-Oxazines attract more attention as they constitute an important class of both natural and non-natural products. Heterocycles containing the oxazine nucleus were found to possess a wide range of valuable biological properties like analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-leukemic, antimalarial 1-3, antipyretic, anticonvulsant and antimicrobial activities 4-8. Benzo-1,3-oxazines are also known to be biologically active, demonstrating anti-rheumatic, antianginal, antihypertensive effects, cytotoxic, and anti-osteoclastic bone resorption activity. Efavirenz, a trifluoromethyl-1,3oxazin-2-one, is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor which displays significant activity against HIV-1 mutant strains. 1,3-Oxazine derivatives are also known to function as progesterone receptor agonists. Naphthoxazines are found to possess psycho-stimulating and antidepressant activity and are used in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Only few reports are available regarding the antimicrobial activity of 1,3-oxazines. www.ijppr.humanjournals.com Citation: Hithin Raj.Sadanandan et al. Ijppr.Human, 2016; Vol. 6 (1): 1-6. 3 Hence, there is enough scope to explore new oxazine derivatives for their antibacterial & antifungal activity.